Carlo Bonavia - Fire in the island, 1758

 

Carlo Bonavia - Fire in the island, 1758
oil on canvas, 129,1 cm (50 ¾ in.) x 208 cm (81 7/8 in.)
Galerie Perrin

Wrongly identified by Florence Ingersoll-Smouse, in her monograph on Joseph Vernet, as a lost work by that artist, this striking painting is in fact by the Italian painter Carlo Bonavia, as confirmed not only by the blue-toned palette he typically used, but also by the signature which can be seen on a trunk carried by two figures at the bottom centre. The painting, a magnificent nocturne, is unquestionably one of Bonavia’s masterpieces, with a breadth and an ambition that is unprecedented in his corpus. Contrasting the cold light of the moon on one side with the fire licking at the clouds and colouring them red on the other, it is a perfect illustration of his generation’s taste for the sublime as an aesthetic category. 

Carlo Bonavia remains a little-known figure among the great Italian landscape painters of the eighteenth century. Probably born in Rome, he is known to have been mostly active from the middle of the 1750s in Naples, where he remained until his death in 1788. Influenced initially by Salvator Rosa (1615-1673), he owed most of his inspiration to Vernet (1714-1789), which has incidentally led to many cases of confusion about attribution. Just like the French landscape painter, Bonavia succeeded in developing an international clientele of foreign aristocrats on the Grand Tour, such as Lord Brudenell and Count Karl Joseph Firmian (1716-1782), who was Austria’s ambassador to Naples from 1753 to 1758 and who owned no less than seventeen of Bonavia’s paintings. 

Although the signature is partly difficult to read, it is interesting to note that next to the date 1758, the painter has added the letters ‘RA’, perhaps to signify Rome. Does this confirm his Roman origins? Or did Bonavia return temporarily to the Eternal City to execute this large painting, whose ambition and size suggest a commission from an important patron? Dated 1758, the present painting is the same size as the large Storm off a Rocky Coast sold at Sotheby’s London on 3 July 1996 (lot 51). This work is dated 1757, and it would be reasonable to speculate, given their similarities and complementary character, that the present work may have been painted as a pendant to the first.